Under consideration PE2136: Make non-fatal strangulation a standalone criminal offence in Scotland

Background information

Non-fatal strangulation (NFS) is increasingly recognised as a severe form of domestic abuse. In June 2022, England & Wales made NFS a standalone crime, followed by Ireland in 2023. Scotland must urgently address the dangers posed by NFS. NFS is a significant predictor of homicide in abusive relationships, with victims being 8 times more likely to be killed. The act can cause brain damage, organ failure, mental ill health, and death. Victims often describe NFS as a near-death experience, with 80% suffering lasting impacts. Women are disproportionately affected, with a 2024 review showing that 81% of NFS victims were women, and 97% of perpetrators were male. The introduction of NFS legislation in England & Wales has revealed the extent of this crime. Between June and December 2022, 8,375 NFS offences were reported, with 971 charges. These figures reflect the prevalence and urgency of addressing this form of abuse. Scotland must follow the example set to protect women and girls by making NFS a standalone crime.